Aci 117-14 pdf download

Irshad Mohammed. Syed Mohd Mehdi. Wan Nor Rashidi. Mark Melnichuk. Manmade Tulip. Sulung Apriyanto. Jorge Cifuentes. Mariz Ellaine Baltazar. Juan Jesus Garcia Reyes. Jason Powell. Anies Marniesa.

Siva subramanian. Christian Magat. Wasiuddin Khan. Ian Bondoc. Ernielle Rae Dela Cruz. Nhoek Ren. More From Rhonzkie Gapuz. Alex Ferrari. Rhonzkie Gapuz. Lgu Sikatuna. Eko Gatot Irianto. Class B Surface Class C Surface The purpose of establishing different classes of surface is to define the magnitude of irregularities in a manner that is consistent with the exposure of the concrete when in service.

As stated in Section R4. The Specifier should also anticipate abrupt transitions at the surface of members where segmental steel void forms are used to form floor framing members. The Specifier should refer to the Mandatory Requirements Checklist. Class D Surface The two surface characteristics thought to be of greatest importance for concrete floors are flatness and levelness.

Flatness can be described as bumpiness of the floor, and is the degree to which a floor surface is smooth or plane. Levelness is the degree to which a floor surface parallels the slope established on the project drawings. Two methods are identified for use in the evaluation of floor surface finish tolerances.

The F-Number System uses data taken at regular intervals along lines located in random locations on the test surface. The described methods use different criteria to evaluate the asconstructed data. Therefore, it is important that the Specifier select the method most applicable to the end user of the floor.

The Waviness Index may be used instead of the two methods identified in Sections 4. Before contracting to build to any floor tolerance specification, it is suggested the constructor evaluate data from tests of its own floors.

Data should be processed using the proposed floor tolerance specification to confirm an understanding of the specific approach and its implications on proposed construction means and methods. Specifiers may require the constructor to demonstrate proven ability by testing an existing floor slab installed by the constructor.

Each of the methods described herein will yield a slightly different result. Each of the described approaches uses a different method to evaluate flatness. The manual straightedge and computerized simulation of the manual straightedge methods both use maximum offsets from chords of varying lengths up to 10 ft. To develop an understanding of the relationship among these approaches, the committee undertook a study of six groups of individual profiles each total.

The profiles included all quality levels likely to be produced using current construction techniques; each of the profiles was ft long. Table R4. Evaluation of the results resulted in the tolerance values contained in Sections 4. Floor surface classifications shown in Sections 4. Although there is no direct correlation among the described tolerancing methods, similarly classified floors in Sections 4.

Floor surfaces in the conventional category can be routinely produced using strikeoff and finishing techniques that include no restraightening operations after initial strikeoff. This classification of floor surface is generally not compatible with floor coverings such as carpeting and vinyl flooring. Conventional floor surface tolerances are appropriately applied to areas such as mechanical rooms, nonpublic areas, or surfaces under raised computer flooring or thick-set tile.

The moderately flat classification of surface tolerances will routinely require the use of float dish attachments to the power float machines or some restraightening of the concrete surface during finishing operations to consistently achieve flatness requirements.

The moderately flat surface can routinely be produced by using a wide bull float 8 to 10 ft to smooth the concrete and a modified highway straightedge Table R4. Conventional 20 0. The use of a rider with float dishes attached to the trowel blades can reduce the amount of restraightening required by the modified highway straightedge.

An appropriate use of floor surfaces with this classification would be carpeted areas of commercial office buildings or industrial buildings with low-speed vehicular traffic. Flat floor tolerances are appropriate for concrete floors under thin-set ceramic, vinyl tile, or similar coverings. Flat floor tolerances are also appropriate for use in warehouses employing conventional lift trucks and racks.

The flat classification requires restraightening after floating and is the highest feasible tolerance level for suspended slabs. Very flat floor tolerances are generally restricted to high-end industrial applications, such as might be required for successful operation of high-speed lift trucks, air pallets, or similar equipment.

Multiple restraightenings in multiple directions following both the floating and initial finishing phases are required to produce floors conforming to very flat tolerances.

The use of a laser screed or rigid edge forms up to 30 ft apart can achieve the required degree of levelness. The super-flat category is the highest quality random traffic floor surface classification that can be routinely produced using current technology. Only skilled contractors, using sophisticated equipment, will be able to achieve this level of quality. Restraightening operations for this floor category are more rigorous than that described for the very flat category.

The super-flat random traffic category is only appropriate for limited applications, such as TV production studios. Another type of super-flat floor surface, one that falls outside the scope of random traffic specifications, is that which is required for defined traffic applications, such as narrow aisle industrial warehouse floors. The aisle width in these installations is typically about 5 ft wide, and the narrow clearance between the vehicles and racks requires construction of an extremely smooth and level surface.

The tolerance requirements normally dictate strip placement of concrete using closely spaced rigid forms approximately 15 ft on center , but they can occasionally be achieved without narrow strip placement by skilled contractors using sophisticated equipment.

The evaluation of the super-flat defined traffic surface classification requires specialized techniques that should be agreed on by all parties before construction. The test method should measure: 1. The maximum transverse elevation difference between wheel tracks; The maximum elevation difference between front and rear axle; and The maximum rate of change per foot for 1 and 2 as the vehicle travels down the aisle.

The remedy for noncompliance with specified defined flatness tolerances should be included in specification language. For random traffic slabs-on-grade, the remedy can range from liquidated damages, to localized grinding, to application of a topping, to removal and replacement, depending on the purpose for which the slab is being installed. The remedy for defined traffic installations is generally grinding of high spots. All slabs will shrink; joints and cracks in slabs-on-ground will curl with time, resulting in a surface that is less flat with the passage of time.

If the needs of the user are such that a delay in testing is necessary to allow successful installation of subsequent Work, this requirement for delayed testing should be clearly stated in the specifications. Survey lines should be parallel to the direction of slope.

In instances where the Specifier chooses to provide a tolerance at construction joints, specific provisions for data collection should be included in the Project Specifications.

The system evaluates the levelness of a floor surface by measuring elevation changes relative to a horizontal plane and between points separated by a distance of 10 ft. Higher numbers indicate better quality in the surface characteristic being reported. Consequently, after the entire floor has been installed, the system permits the immediate calculation of liquidated damages based on the final aggregate areas defective relative to either SOFF or SOFL whichever yields the larger penalty.

These variations can be caused by normal occurrences, such as inconsistent setting time of concrete, changes in ambient conditions, or delays in delivery or placement of the concrete.

Acceptance or rejection of a minimum local area requires that data collection within the minimum local area in question meet the requirements of ASTM E Smaller gaps between the straightedge and supporting surface are indicative of higher flatness quality. This method is not sufficiently precise to evaluate very flat and super-flat categories.

Table 4. A sample is a single placement of the straightedge. The Specifier may provide alternative procedures as long as specific testing requirements and acceptance criteria are established. Test results should be reported in a manner that will allow the data to be verified or the test to be replicated. When using this approach to evaluate floor surfaces, levelness is subject to the provisions of Section 4. Data collection procedures and evaluation of data shall comply with the requirements established in the Contract Documents or Section 4.

Data are taken using an instrument other than a straightedge and processed using a computer to produce results similar to that achieved using a manual straightedge. The flatness is evaluated by moving a simulated 10 ft long straightedge along each data line at 1 ft intervals. No ASTM standard has been developed to govern evaluation of a floor surface using this procedure, so the Specifier should provide specific testing requirements and acceptance criteria as described in the Mandatory Requirements Checklist.

Results should be reproducible. The Specifier is advised that current available software for computerized simulation of a freestanding 10 ft straightedge does not meet the requirements of Section 4.

Each survey line used in the RMS levelness calculation shall be parallel with the others and all lines shall be in the direction of the pitch or tilt. Tolerances in this standard apply to cast-in-place concrete elements that interface with precast concrete elements. Tolerances for tilt-up concrete are specified in Section More than 36 in. Greater than 12 in Refer to ACI Heights greater than ft Edges of openings, sleeves, and embedments greater than 12 in More than ft Horizontal deviation Concealed surfaces Refer to commentary Sections R4.

Concealed flatwork and formed surfaces Decrease thickness: greater of 2. On highway plans, dimensions are usually given in hundredths of a foot. Inches are used here to conform to the rest of this document. Other exposed surfaces Greater than 18 in. In any 10 ft of height, the geometric center of the chimney or cooling tower element shall not change more than For pipe with an internal diameter greater than 42 in. For pipe with an internal diameter greater than 72 in.

For pipe with an internal diameter from 42 in. Each additional 10 ft or part thereof Not to exceed Each additional 6 ft or part thereof The lesser of 0. Top of non-exposed individual panel Difference at top of adjacent exposed panels.. Difference at top of adjacent non-exposed panels Base of erected panel Bearing plates or seats Inserts, bolts, sleeves Flashing reglets Lifting inserts Weld plates From building grid datum, measured at base of panel Bearing plates and seats Edge of panel from centerline of panel Per 10 ft Corners, exposed and non-exposed Variation in joint width over length of panel The Specifier, however, must select the items and include them separately in the Project Specifications.

General notes G1. ACI Specification is intended to be used by reference or incorporation in its entirety in the Project Specification. Do not copy individual Sections, Parts, Articles, or Paragraphs into the Project Specification, because taking them out of context may change their meaning.

If Sections or Parts of ACI Specification are copied into the Project Specification or any other document, do not refer to them as an ACI specification because the specification has been altered.

Each technical section of ACI Specification in this Standard associated with items in the Mandatory Requirements Checklist are accompanied by text indicating an item in the section is specified in the Contract Documents. ACI Specification is written to the Contractor. This Foreword is included for explanatory purposes only; it does not form a part of ACI Specification ACI Specification may be referenced by the Specifier in the Project Specification for any building project, together with supplementary requirements for the specific project.

Responsibilities for project participants must be defined in the Project Specifications. ACI Specification cannot and does not address responsibilities for any project participant other than the Contractor. The Optional Requirements Checklist identifies Specifier choices and alternatives. The Checklist identifies the Sections, Parts, and Articles of the Reference Specification and the action required or available to the Specifier. The Specifier should review each of the items in the Checklist and make adjustments to the needs of a particular project by including those selected alternatives as mandatory requirements in the Project Specifications.

Kaden Harry M. Phelan Carl S. Togni Peter Meza Joe V. Williams, Jr. This document is intended to be used as the reference doc- P1.

Standard Specification is intended to be used ument for establishing tolerances for concrete construction by speci- fication writers and ACI committees writing Standards. Individual sections, articles, or paragraphs should not be copied into the Project Specifications since taking them out of context may change their meaning. Keywords: bending reinforcing steels ; building codes; concrete construction; concrete piles; concretes; floors; formwork construction ; masonry; mass con- P2.

Building codes establish minimum requirements crete; piers; precast concrete; prestressed concrete; reinforcing steels; specifi- necessary to protect the public.

Some of the require- cations; splicing; standards; tolerances mechanics. Adjustments to the needs of a F1. Project Specifications for any construction project, to- P3. These mandatory requirements should designate gether with supplementary requirements for the spe- the specific qualities, procedures, materials, and per- cific project.

Exceptions to the Standard Specification actors and containment vessels, bins and silos, and pre- should be made in the Project Specifications, if re- stressed circular structures.

It is also not intended to quired. A statement such as the following will serve to shotcrete. Standard Specification addresses each of the of the Project Specifications: Three-Part Section Format of the Construction Speci- Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Mate- fications Institute, organized by structural elements, rials shall conform to all requirements of ACI , structural components and types of structures; the Standard Specifications for Tolerances for Con- numbering system reflects this organization.

The lan- crete Construction and Materials, published by the guage is imperative and terse to preclude an alterna- American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Michigan, tive.

A Specification Checklist is included as a preface Contract Documents. All rights reserved, includ- specifying the necessary mandatory and optional re- ing the making of copies unless permission is obtained from the copyright pro- prietors. Section 3 - Foundations 3. The designer should be aware that the recom- mended vertical alignment tolerance of 1. Section 4 - Cast-in-place concrete for buildings 4. Class B - Coarse-textured concrete-formed surfaces intended to receive plas- ter, stucco, or wainscoting.

Class C - General standard for permanently exposed surfaces where other fin- ishes are not specified. Class D - Minimum quality surface where roughness is not objectionable, usu- ally applied where surfaces will be concealed. Specific use of a toleranced item may warrant less or more stringent tolerances than contained in the specification. Such variances must be individually designated by the specifier in the contract docu- ments.

Specialized concrete construction or construction procedures require specifier to include specialized tolerances. AC1 committee documents cov- ering specialized construction may provide guidance on specialized tolerances. The tolerances in this Specification do not apply to special structures or procedures not cited in the document such as nuclear reactors and containment vessels, bins and silos, circular prestressed concrete tank structures and shotcrete.

Where possible excess cover or other protection of the reinforcing steel should be specified in lieu of reduced tolerance because of the accuracy of locating reinforcing steel utilizing standard fabrication accessories and installed procedures.

Specific design use of embedded items nay require the specifier to designate tolerances of reduced magnitude for various embedded items. Section 3 - Cast-in-place concrete for foundations 3. Specifier must designate plus tolerance if desired. Consult specific equipment man- ufacturers for their recommendations. Section 5 - Precast concrete The tolerances for precast concrete are intended to apply to all types of precast concrete construction cast onsite including tilt-up and offsite except as set forth below.

Variations to these tolerances may be advisable after consideration of panel size and construction techniques required. Where feasible, a greater tolerance magnitude should be utilized where the span-to-depth ratio is equal to or greater than Manufac- elements turers should be consulted for appropriate tolerances for their products. The most re- 6. Where only one 7. Section 8 - Mass concrete structures other than buildings, p.

Clear distance - In reinforced concrete, the least Section 10 - Monolithic siphons and culverts, p. Section 11 - Cast-in-place bridges, p. Flatness - The degree to which a surface approxi- mates a plane.